PCB design services require skilled designers who know how to come up with an optimum physical layout for a printed circuit board. They use cutting-edge CAD tools and other PCB design software that helps them create all kinds of board designs. No matter what sort of board and layout is required to be made, it's always going to be a multi-stage designing process starting with schematic capture.

Designers typically require that clients should provide basic information regarding three key matters. The most important of them is the schematic, but it may alternatively be in the form of a netlist file. This is a file containing connectivity details and component descriptions.

Another thing the client is required to provide is the bill of materials (BOM) specifying each component used and its footprint. Designers are sometimes asked to help with component footprint capture. The client is also expected to provide the board outline. Once they have the schematic or netlist, BOM and the board outline, the designer should be able to do the rest.

Designers start with the netlist or schematic and use techniques such as library development, signal integrity checks, thermal simulation, stress analysis, EMI checking, etc. The series of intermediate steps lead to the development of a file in the gerber format. This is the final end product that designers hand over as a complete PCB image that is directly used in the manufacturing process.

Electrical and electronics circuit designers are expected to be able to work with and create complex designs for digital, analog, RF and mixed PCBs. The boards themselves may be single or double sided or multi-layered. They can be designed to match the customer's needs in different sizes with varying pin densities and component quantities.

There's also the question of deciding on the characteristics of the board. This refers to the method used to mount components and create the traces for the circuit. Surface-mount technology is the most popular technique used now for mounting components.

Under this method, end caps will be soldered on the same side of the board as the component itself. This is a huge improvement over an earlier system that made use of through-hole boards. These older boards required the leads to be inserted from one side and soldered on the traces on the board's other side.

Apart from the schematic capture and subsequent board designing steps, the designer may also be called upon to evaluate existing designs, components and footprint captures. Sometimes they're also involved in prototype procurement, and may be asked to do availability checks and collect pricing information against the BOM.

There may, in fact, be other PCB design services required even after delivery of the end product. Customers often need to do minor changes to the design right away and on an ongoing basis, and reorders are also on the cards. Designers are sometimes asked to reverse engineer the process, starting with gerber files. Coming up with a netlist or schematic from a gerber file helps the client rebuild the circuit to implement large-scale changes.